Jane Wuth
Digitale Start-ups in ländlichen Regionen Digitale Regionale Entwicklung Erneuerbare Energien Intelligente Mobilität
Wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin
Zeitschriftenartikel
- Roland Zink
- Javier Valdés
- Jane Wuth
In: Politics and Governance
- 2020
To meet current targets for greenhouse gas emissions in Europe, emissions, especially those originating from the road transport sector, need to be reduced. Plans are to achieve this goal by substituting fossil fuel vehicles with electric vehicles (EVs). This article first discusses conceptually the impact of an increasing share of EVs on the electricity grid and suitable locations for charging stations with examples from a Case Study in Lower Bavaria. Secondly, the impact of purchase subsidies on EV purchases in Germany, a high-income country characterized by an important automotive industry and an increasing share of private vehicles is examined. To achieve this, yearly information on EV purchases were analyzed by applying the Synthetic Control Method. Combining data from different sources including the European Alternative Fuels Observatory, Eurostat, and the European Automobile Manufacturers' Association, an overall picture was developed. Results indicate a difference between private, semi-public, and public charging infrastructures. Its spatial distribution does not correspond to a specific development strategy. Moreover, EV subsidies have a limited effect in Germany when controlling for market size. Limiting the discussion to a trade-off between subsidizing infrastructures or EV purchases obviates the multidimensionality of the problem as neither of them may be sufficient to accelerate the transition per se. Furthermore, if electricity provided for EVs comes mainly from fossil carriers, the changes in the road transport sector will not yield the expected emission reductions. The transition towards renewables is directly intertwined with the effects of EVs on emission reductions in the road transport sector.
- TC Freyung
- NACHHALTIG
Zeitschriftenartikel
- Luis Ramirez Camargo
- F. Nitsch
- K. Gruber
- Javier Valdés
- Jane Wuth
- Wolfgang Dorner
In: Energies
DOI: 10.3390/en12214185
Independence from the power grid can be pursued by achieving total self-sufficient electricity supply. Such an energy supply model might be particularly interesting for settlements located in rural areas where enough space is available for energy generation installations. This article evaluates how and at what cost electricity demand of residential users across Germany and the Czech Republic could be covered by hybrid renewable energy generation systems consisting of photovoltaics, micro-generation wind turbines and batteries. High-resolution reanalysis data are used to calculate necessary system sizes over a large area by simultaneously accounting for the temporal variability of renewable energy. For every potential location in the research area, the hybrid system requirements for clusters of 50 self-sufficient single-family houses are calculated. The results indicate no general trend regarding the size of the respective technologies, although larger areas where PV-wind power complementarity enables lowering the total system costs and required storage capacities were determined. Assuming that the cluster of households could be constituted and depending on the location, the total installation and operation costs for the proposed systems for a lifetime of 20 years range between EUR 1.8 Million and EUR 5 Million without considering costs of financing. Regions with the lowest costs were identified mainly in the south of Germany.
- Angewandte Informatik
- TC Freyung
- NACHHALTIG
Beitrag (Sammelband oder Tagungsband)
- Jane Wuth
- Luis Ramirez Camargo
- 2019
Increased urbanization and rural depopulation processes are going to produce a high impact on the future electric grid. The impact of these developments on the shape and characteristics of the electricity transmission and distribution systems is however today not discussed as much as the transition to renewable energies. Current research dedicated to electrical grids focuses on the integration of renewables and the related necessary measures to increase stability and reliability. Topics such as the changes in the shape and length of grid as well as redundant infrastructure issues due to demographic changes are barely studied in previous literature. The present work is a pioneer attempt to address these issues using a spatially explicit approach for the state of Bavaria in Germany. The main consequence emerging from depopulation is not only the increase on size and number of very low populated regions but also growing city-sizes, which up to now already have difficulties of being supplied with sufficient energy. Especially the difference in needs for the electricity grid length per person is going to be even more pronounced than already today. The resulting costs per person to provide everyone with a reliable electricity supply will diverge similarly between urbanized and rural regions. The medium and low voltage grids should be capable of delivering sufficient electricity to users and simultaneously allow the integration of distributed renewable generation installations. While data for analysing the transmission systems (high voltage grids) are widely available, spatial and attribute data of the medium and mainly the low voltage grids are scarce. The first step for the analysis of urbanization and rural depopulation effects on the future Bavarian low and medium voltage grid therefore is the estimation of todays’ electric grid. The present study proposes a method that relies on a) a data set that estimates the topology of the medium and low voltage grids of Bavaria (Germany) based on a minimum spanning tree principle, and b) data from the LUISA territorial modelling platform of the European Commission to calculate grid requirements for the years 2030 and 2050. Two alternative paths are proposed to carry out grid requirement estimations. The first is based on population data and the second on land use data. Grid length typologies are created based on population thresholds or land use types for 2010. The same typologies are afterwards used to extrapolate grid requirements for the future, which follow the population and land use changes of the LUISA data set. The future estimations are therefore in conformity with the forecasts utilized by the European Commission. As a reference base map for comparing grid estimations based on population or land use clusters, the length of the grid calculated based on a) is cumulated for each square kilometer so that the resolution and extend match the LUISA data for Bavaria (the map on the left is the reference map for the medium voltage grid). Results show that when estimating the current electricity grid based on land use clustering, it is not possible to get close to the beforehand calculated reference map. Using population density clusters on the other hand, makes it feasible to estimate the current electric grid based on mean or median grid lengths per cluster category. When comparing statistics as well as the resulting maps, the best method to produce a grid map based on clusters, is when using the median grid length per population cluster category (e.g. map on the right for the medium voltage grid). When using the mean of each category, the results seem not to be as precise. In the particular case of Bavaria, the forecast shows that total grid length requirements will decrease until 2030 and 2050. In rather urbanized regions, the grid needs to be prepared for expansions, while in rural regions existent grid infrastructure will become unnecessary. Hot-spots of such changes can be located using the results of the presented methodology.
- TC Freyung
- Angewandte Informatik
- NACHHALTIG
Vortrag
- M. Roithner
- Jane Wuth
- Luis Ramirez Camargo
In: European Geosciences Union (EGU) General Assembly 2019
- 2019
- TC Freyung
- NACHHALTIG
Beitrag (Sammelband oder Tagungsband)
- Jane Wuth
- Wolfgang Dorner
- 2019
Heutzutage sind automatisierte Shuttlebusse noch eher selten im öffentlichen Straßenverkehr zu finden. Feldstudien sind daher unumgänglich, um eine Analyse der existierenden Möglichkeiten und nötigen technischen Maßnahmen zur Integration dieser Fahrzeuge in den öffentlichen Personennahverkehr (ÖPNV) zu erproben. Da es sowohl technisch als auch rechtlich noch Einschränkungen der Nutzung automatisierter Fahrzeuge gibt, stellt sich die Frage, ob potenzielle Routen, die diesen Rahmenbedingungen gerecht werden, automatisiert ermittelt werden können. Allerdings ist die Erstellung eines Modells zur Identifikation von Strecken für automatisierte Fahrzeuge unter den gegebenen rechtlichen Randbedingungen noch nicht näher betrachtet worden. Die hier verwendeten Parameter sind auf Grundlage der Ergebnisse einer Studie in Bad Birnbach, Bayern entstanden. Im Vergleichsraum Bayern wurden ca. 100 Strecken identifiziert, auf welchen man einen automatisierten Shuttlebus im derzeitigen technisch-rechtlichen Rahmen weiter testen könnte. Die sich stetig weiterentwickelnde Technologie und die teils unvollständige Attribuierung der verwendeten Daten (offizielle Verkehrsdaten ATKIS, OpenStreetMap aus dem Jahr 2018) erfordern eine Überprüfung der Ergebnisse vor Ort sowie eine laufende Fortschreibung des Modells.
- Angewandte Informatik
- TC Freyung
- NACHHALTIG
- MOBIL
Vortrag
- Jane Wuth
- Luis Ramirez Camargo
- Wolfgang Dorner
In: Sympozium GIS Ostrava 2019
- 2019
- TC Freyung
- NACHHALTIG
Vortrag
- Jane Wuth
- Javier Valdés
- Luis Ramirez Camargo
- Wolfgang Dorner
In: 6th International Conference on Geographical Information Systems Theory, Applications and Management (GISTAM)
- 2019
- TC Freyung
- NACHHALTIG
Beitrag (Sammelband oder Tagungsband)
- Jane Wuth
- Javier Valdés
- Luis Ramirez Camargo
- Wolfgang Dorner
One of the major challenges for the energy transition is to reconcile variable renewable energy production with stochastically changing energy demand including the pursued changes in e.g. transport like electro mobility. This requires smart systems that should be designed to minimize balancing and transmission costs. The design and modelling of such systems requires high resolution energy generation and demand data, which usually either do not exist or is not available. Methodologies to address this lack of data populate scientific literature but its replicability is limited by an inadequate level of detail in the description of the methodologies and to a larger extent by the absence or low quality of basic data. This manuscript summarizes severalyears of research in energy modelling using Geographical Information Systems as well as spatial and temporal data of the rural areas in Bavaria (Germany) and the Czech Republic. Data requirements for energy demand and energy supply including different types of users and technologies are addressed. Irreconcilable data gaps are presented, examples to fill data gaps as well as recommendations for future necessary developments are provided
- Angewandte Informatik
- TC Freyung
- NACHHALTIG
- DIGITAL
Zeitschriftenartikel
- Luis Ramirez Camargo
- Jane Wuth
- M. Biberacher
- Wolfgang Dorner
In: Geoscape
- 2019
The energy transition towards high shares of renewables and the continued urbanization
process have a direct and strong impact on the shape and characteristics of the electricity
transmission and distribution systems. At the continental and national scale, improved
high voltage grids should allow the transmission and balance of electricity from hot-spots
of variable renewable energy generation installations to demand centres. At the regional
and municipal scale, the medium and low voltage grids should be capable of bringing
sufficient electricity to users and allow the integration of distributed renewable generation
installations. While data on the transmission systems is widely available, spatial
and attribute data of the medium and mainly the low voltage grids are scarce. Additionally,
while there are plenty of studies on the requirements of the grid to allow the energy
transition, there is very little information on the necessary transformation of the grid due
to changes generated by the expected urbanization process. This study relies on a data
set that estimates the topology of the medium and low voltage grids of Bavaria (Germany)
as well as data from the LUISA territorial modelling platform of the European Commission
to calculate key figures of grid requirements depending on population and land use
for the current case and the decades to come. Typologies of grid requirements are proposed
based on a statistical analysis of population and land use data of each square kilometre
of the federal state. These typologies are extrapolated to changes in the structure
of settlements that are expected in the years 2030 and 2050. Results are presented using
maps with expected absolute values of grid requirements and their temporal changes
for each square kilometre of the project area. Grid requirements are expected to increase
in cities and to be reduced in most of the rural areas. The largest changes are expected
to take place in the suburbs of the major cities.
- Angewandte Informatik
- TC Freyung
- NACHHALTIG
Beitrag (Sammelband oder Tagungsband)
- M. Roithner
- Jane Wuth
- Luis Ramirez Camargo
- 2019
Photovoltaics and wind power are the fastest growing and best established renewable energy technologies of today. Both are usually presented as the preferred option for energy systems to reach high shares of renewables but their integration is not an easy task due to their varying availability and its grid's feed-in. This work presents the likelihood of municipalities in Bavaria (Germany) and federal states in the Czech Republic to reach high penetration of photovoltaics and wind power until 2050 by taking into account demographic changes and alternative regulatory developments. To accomplish this, spatial development potential of wind power for three different sizes of turbines (10m, 50m and 137m) and free-standing photovoltaics are calculated for the whole study area using a mix of official and open data. Time series of electricity generation are constructed for every single potential area using physical models of the technologies. These models rely on solar radiation, temperature and wind speed time series from the COSMO-REA6 regional reanalysis as input data. Moreover, current total electricity demand per type of sector (residential, agricultural and industrial) is distributed in space using population and land use data from the LUISA territorial modelling platform of the European Commission. The population and land use forecast of the latter data set is utilized to estimate electricity demand per administrative unit for 2030 and 2050. The yearly values of electricity demand for each administrative unit are transformed into hourly electricity demand time series using German and Czech standard load profiles. Finally, an optimization model is employed to estimate if the local renewable potential per administrative unit together with storage systems are sufficient to cover the local demand under current and future conditions. Results are presented using maps covering the whole study area. These do not only show that massive storage systems would be required in order to supply electricity only based on photovoltaics and wind power, but also that the feasibility of achieving this could be considerably different between geographic and climatic areas with similar conditions.
- TC Freyung
- Angewandte Informatik
- NACHHALTIG
Vortrag
- Javier Valdés
- Jane Wuth
- Matthias Schmidbauer
- Roland Zink
In: Geomatika Konference
- 2018
- TC Freyung
- Elektrotechnik und Medientechnik
- MOBIL
Vortrag
- Javier Valdés
- Jane Wuth
- Roland Zink
In: 3. Deggendorfer Fachsymposium Elektromobiltät der Zukunft
- 2018
- Elektrotechnik und Medientechnik
- TC Freyung
- MOBIL
Zeitschriftenartikel
- Javier Valdés
- Jane Wuth
- Roland Zink
- Sebastian Schröck
- Matthias Schmidbauer
In: Bavarian Journal of Applied Sciences
- 2018
Neben kommerziell bereitgestellten Geodaten nehmen freiwillig erhobene geographische Daten (VGI, volunteered geographic information) in der Forschung einen wachsenden Stellenwert ein. Plattformen wie OpenStreetMap (OSM) bieten inzwischen eine enorme Menge an Geodaten, deren Qualität und deren Mehrwert für die Forschung zunehmend kritisch betrachtet werden. Besonders dann, wenn es um räumliche Planung geht, müssen die Daten vor der Anwendung angemessen validiert und bereinigt werden. In diesem Artikel wird ein Datenverarbeitungsmodell vorgestellt, mit dem OSM-Daten so
aufbereitet werden können, dass der Bedarf an Ladeinfrastruktur für Elektroautos über von Nutzern eingetragene Point of Interests (POI) räumlich möglichst genau erfasst und abgebildet werden kann. Zunächst erfolgt eine Selektion relevanter Datensets durch eine Prävalidierung. Im zweiten Schritt werden die wichtigsten POI selektiert und spezifiziert. In einem dritten Schritt werden alle OSM-immanenten Schwierigkeiten beseitigt. Das hier vorgestellte Datenverarbeitungsmodell ist auf das Thema Elektromobilität zugeschnitten, für welches POIs in die vier Zeitkategorien Arbeit, Leben, Einkaufen und Freizeit eingeteilt werden, um so den Bedarf an Ladeinfrastruktur zu erheben. Durch dieses Modell der Datenverarbeitung soll die Energienachfrage für Elektroautos räumlich möglichst realistisch dargestellt werden und Rohdaten mit ihren bekannten Fehlern durch den OSM-Datensammlungsprozess bereinigt aufbereitet werden. Anhand einer Fallstudie, die im bayerisch-tschechischen Grenzraum durchgeführt wurde, wird gezeigt, dass die Fehlerrate durch die Implementierung validierter Daten um ca 10% reduziert werden kann.
- Elektrotechnik und Medientechnik
- TC Freyung
- MOBIL
- DIGITAL
Vortrag
- Javier Valdés
- Jane Wuth
- Matthias Schmidbauer
- Roland Zink
In: 4. Jahreskonferenz des Netzwerks INDIGO (Internet und Digitalisierung Ostbayern)
- 2018
- TC Freyung
- Elektrotechnik und Medientechnik
- MOBIL